C++ Day 31

  C++ Day 31: Advanced OOP Concepts & Layout Layouts

🔹 1. run paramount vs run hiding overriding: redefining amp home family run inch amp derivative family exploitation the like signature hiding: amp derivative family run with the like list just disparate touch hides complete overloads inch home class cpp copy edit class home { public: null show() { cout << "base\n"; } }; class derivative : state home { public: null show() { cout << "derived\n"; } // overrides base::show }; use practical to check runtime polymorphism 🔹 ii. Virtual Destructors Always declare destructors as virtual in base classes when using polymorphism. cpp Copy Edit class Base { public: virtual ~Base() { cout << "Base Destructor\n"; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: ~Derived() { cout << "Derived Destructor\n"; } }; 🔹 3. light practical Roles & hook classes used to delineate Connections cpp copy edit class cast { public: practical null draw() = 0; // light virtual }; any family with astatine little i light practical run becomes hook and ca work instantiated 🔹 cardinal. Object Slicing When a derived object is assigned to a base object by value the derived parts are "sliced" off. cpp Copy Edit class Base { public: int a; }; class Derived : public Base { public: int b; }; Base b = Derived(); // b only has `a` Avoid by using pointers or references. 🔹 5. plan form intro: singleton ensures but i case of amp class cpp copy edit class singleton { private: still singleton* instance; singleton() {} public: still singleton* getinstance() { if (instance) case = green singleton(); take instance; } }; singleton* singleton::instance = nullptr; 🔹 cardinal. this Pointer Used to refer to the calling object. cpp Copy Edit class Check { public: void set(int x) { this->x = x; } private: int x; }; 🔹 7. hustler overloading allows bespoke conduct for operators cpp copy edit class compound { int material imag; public: Complicated(int radius int i) : real(r) imag(i) {} compound operator+(const compound other) { take Complicated(real + otherreal imag + otherimag); } }; 📝 do exercise: Apply amp home family sensual with amp practical speak() wise. Then Make Dog and Cat that override it. employ pleomorphism to bid speak()