C++ Day 26

  C++ Day 26: Templates (Generic Programming)

On Day 26 we dive into Templates one of C++’s most powerful Characteristics for generic programming.

Templates allow you to write Roles and classes that work with any Information type increasing code reusability and type safety.

📚 Topics Covered:

🔹 1. run templates

write i run that plant for aggregate types (int blow train etc)

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#include 

using namespace std;

template 

t add(t amp tonne b) {

    take amp + b;

}

int main() {

    cout << add(3 4) << endl;       // cardinal    cout << add(25 31) << endl; // 56

    cout << add("hi " "there") << endl; // hello there

}

✅ guide  or guide  are interchangeable

🔹 ii. Class Templates

Define generic classes that can operate on any Information type.

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template 

class Box {

private:

    T value;

public:

    Box(T v) : value(v) {}

    void show() {

        cout << "Value: " << value << endl;

    }

};

int main() {

    Box b1(10);

    Box b2("Hello");

    b1.show();

    b2.show();

}

🔹 3. aggregate guide parameters

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template 

class match {

public:

    tonne first;

    uranium second;

    pair(t amp uranium b) : first(a) second(b) {}

    null display() {

        cout << "pair: " << top << " " << back << endl;

    }

};

🔹 cardinal. Template Specialization (Optional Advanced)

Sometimes you want a custom Applyation for a specific type.

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template 

class Printer {

public:

    void print(T value) {

        cout << "Generic: " << value << endl;

    }

};

template <>

class Printer {

public:

    void print(string value) {

        cout << "String: [" << value << "]" << endl;

    }

};

🛠️ practise Task

Make a template Role maxValue(T a T b) that returns the maximum of two values of any type.

Also Make a class template Stack with Send pop and top Roles.

📌 Summary:

Characteristic Description

Role Template One Role many types

Class Template One class many types

typename / class Both importantwords are valid in templates

Specialization Customize template behavior for specific types